{"id":1615,"date":"2021-09-06T16:28:50","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T23:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/?page_id=1615"},"modified":"2023-05-08T01:42:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-08T08:42:18","slug":"csci150-lecture-1-digital-information-representations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/kurs\/csci-150\/csci150-lecture-1-digital-information-representations\/","title":{"rendered":"[CSCI150] Lecture 1: Digital Information Representations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Generally, I create a separate video about a separate subtopic so that it&#8217;s easier for me to edit and for you to navigate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Introduction<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Contact:\n<ul>\n<li>[Best] Microsoft Teams, search for <code>jgu<\/code>&nbsp;or <code>Jetic G\u016b<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>Email: <code>jgu@columbiacollege.ca<\/code>, please include course number and section number in your title (like [CSCI150S10])<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Grading criteria\n<ul>\n<li>Multiple attempts for Assignments.\n<ul>\n<li>All assignments are due on Sundays, check the main course website for detailed time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>All exams are in person. Quizzes as well. Dates in the course website.<\/li>\n<li>Labs are more important than ever!\n<ul>\n<li>Read and follow instructions carefully.<\/li>\n<li>To be submitted on Moodle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lecture 1: Digital Information Representation I<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS1 Part 1: Digital vs Analogue Circuits, Digital Integrated Circuits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS1 Part 1\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P8mVSpM6Yk0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlight:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Information Representation in Digital vs Analogue circuits (using voltage)<\/li>\n<li>Advantages of Digital<\/li>\n<li>Digital integrated circuits<\/li>\n<li>What is SSI, MSI, LSI (roughly, exact numbers are not important)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS1 Part 2: von Neumann Architecture, Embedded Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS1 Part 2\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v6HFaSo-_Ic?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlight:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>von Neumann Architecture is the most popular computer architecture now, examples include your smart phone, tablet, laptop, raspberry pi, desktop computer, and super computers.\n<ul>\n<li>Three major components:\n<ul>\n<li>Input\/Output devices (I\/O device): Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Mic, Headphone, Webcam, Hard Drive, SSD, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Memory: memory sticks, my desktop machine has 64GB DDR4 (4x16GB)<\/li>\n<li>CPU (Central Processing Unit): contains Control Unit and Datapath<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Embedded Systems\n<ul>\n<li>Simpler than von Neumann machines<\/li>\n<li>not general purpose, designed to do specific tasks much more efficiently than von Neumann machines<\/li>\n<li>Fast, light-weight, usually not programmable<\/li>\n<li>Examples:\n<ul>\n<li>USB Sticks<\/li>\n<li>Smart lightbulbs<\/li>\n<li>GPUs<\/li>\n<li>Japanese high-tech toilets<\/li>\n<li>Certain Printers and Scanners<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS1 Part 3: Binary\/Hexadecimal System Conversions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS1 Part 3\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2NaAAFEBc_c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Number systems, decimal system\n<ul>\n<li>Base 10<\/li>\n<li>Base digit left to the decimal point<\/li>\n<li>From other base systems to base 10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Conversions\n<ul>\n<li>From binary to decimal using the binary table<\/li>\n<li>From decimal to binary using the binary table<\/li>\n<li>Between binary and hexadecimal<\/li>\n<li>Between hexadecimal and decimal (through conversion to binary first!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS2 Part 1: Digital Number systems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS2 Part 1\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CTFXatY17jc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Digital Binary Systems<\/li>\n<li>Fixed number of bits for every number, minimum a byte<\/li>\n<li>Your computer is most likely 64bit, which means every number (or value) is represented in 64bits of binary<\/li>\n<li>Bits &amp; Bytes, 8 x difference<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS2 Part 2: Basic Arithmetics, Signed Integers in Digital Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS2 Part 2\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-V4lybNfRSo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlight<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Binary addition and subtraction\n<ul>\n<li>Most importantly, individual carries and borrows. We&#8217;ll be seeing them in later lectures as well.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Textbook method of converting decimal numbers to binary\n<ul>\n<li>This method is slower than my binary table, and also easy to make mistakes.<\/li>\n<li>Fractions are introduced here, but NOT required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Signed Integers\n<ul>\n<li>The first bit of a signed integer is always the sign bit\n<ul>\n<li>0 means not negative<\/li>\n<li>1 means negative<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Counting in signed 3bit! (Smallest to Greatest)\n<ul>\n<li>100 (-4), 111 (-3), 110 (-2), 101 (-1), 000 (0), 001 (1), 010 (2), 011 (3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Representation range:\n<ul>\n<li>Unsigned N-bit: <p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 19px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jetic.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d3e0d1704bbee227819eed3262fd44d1_l3.png\" height=\"19\" width=\"86\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#32;&#91;&#48;&#44;&#32;&#45;&#50;&#94;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#93;&#32;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/li>\n<li>Signed N-bit: <p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jetic.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ee4da53abd2977d152cd26ff1b8ebf40_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"130\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#91;&#45;&#50;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#44;&#32;&#50;&#94;&#123;&#110;&#45;&#49;&#125;&#45;&#49;&#93;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS2 Part 3: A Case Study, of Analogue to Digital Conversion&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS2 Part 3\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oPvH7ohc5q4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To convert a piece of analogue waveform to digital, first, you need to decide a sample rate:\n<ul>\n<li>Frequency is measured in Hz. 10 Hz means 10 repetitions in a second.<\/li>\n<li>Sample rate is the number of samples per second.<\/li>\n<li>For each sample, you measure the voltage during that time period. Say your sample rate is 1000 per sec, then each sample is 1\/1000s. You would measure continuously for 1000 times every second, and obtain 1000 voltage values for every second.<\/li>\n<li>Every voltage value is stored in binary code (if there are negatives, you must you signed code).<\/li>\n<li>Bitrate is the number of bits needed to store one second of recording. Say each sample takes 8bits, at a sample rate of 16K, your bitrate would be 16Kbps=2KBps.<\/li>\n<li>Bitrate can usually be used to measure recording quality. A higher bitrate usually means better quality (but necessarily if your sampling rate is lower).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LS3: Binary Coded Decimal, ASCII and UTF8, Parity Code<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CSCI150: Lecture 1 LS3\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8KmsPMkgG0I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Highlights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Binary Coded Decimals\n<ul>\n<li>Decimal numbers are represented as strings of single digit, with each decimal digit represented by 4bits of binary code.<\/li>\n<li>234 -&gt; 2, 3, 4 -&gt; (0010 0011 0100)<sub>BCD<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ASCII for representing strings\n<ul>\n<li>8bit for every character, the first bit is always 0<\/li>\n<li>Every character, from &#8216;A&#8217; to &#8216;Z&#8217;, &#8216;a&#8217; to &#8216;z&#8217;, &#8216;0&#8217; to &#8216;9&#8217; and symbols such as &#8216;,&#8217; &#8216;.&#8217; &#8216;-&#8216; has an index in the ASCII table, which is the value used to represent them in a computer system.<\/li>\n<li>E.g. an ASCII text file with &#8220;Aha&#8221; written inside, is stored on your hard drive as <code>416861h<\/code>&nbsp;(binary:&nbsp;<code>1000 0001 0110 1000 0110 0001<\/code>)<\/li>\n<li>UTF8 is an extension to ASCII, which includes all accented letters as well as characters used in all computerised languages, as well as emojis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Parity\n<ul>\n<li>An additional bit for every byte of transmission, used for error detection<\/li>\n<li>The position of the parity is agreed upon by the two computers in communication. In this course, we denote it using underscore (e.g. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1<\/span>10101100)<\/li>\n<li>Even parity and Odd parity<\/li>\n<li>Does NOT correct error<\/li>\n<li>Cannot detect error when there are more than one<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generally, I create a separate video about a separate subtopic so that it&#8217;s easier for me to edit and for you to navigate. Introduction Contact: [Best] Microsoft Teams, search for jgu&nbsp;or Jetic G\u016b. Email: jgu@columbiacollege.ca, please include course number and section number in your title (like [CSCI150S10]) Grading criteria Multiple attempts for Assignments. All assignments &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/kurs\/csci-150\/csci150-lecture-1-digital-information-representations\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">[CSCI150] Lecture 1: Digital Information Representations<\/span> weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1300,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1615","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-12 07:21:32","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1615"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2236,"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1615\/revisions\/2236"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jetic.org\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}